THYMUSAMIN - IMMUNESYSTEM BIOREGULATOR

As a rule, persons with secondary immunodeficiency state revealed marked asthenic syndrome and essential cardiovascu­lar changes.

The study results showed that Thymusamin was an effective agent for correction of secondary immunodeficiencies entailed by extreme factors. Thymusamin application in the complex with symptomatic medicines allowed to normalise the altered immune indices in 78% of the cases.

The obtained data demonstrated that the most prominent effect of the drug application was uponТ-lymphocyte sub-populations and their functional activity (significant increase in the CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ counts, restoration of a CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio). Less pronounced reaction noted on the part of the im­mune B-system was caused by its greater inertness.

After the applied Thymusamin treatment course the patients exposed to low ionizing radiation doses revealed considerable improvement in their general state and decrease of the asthenic syndrome severity that always accompanied secondary immuno­deficiencies.

In the patients after radiation and chemotherapy there were noted boosted restoration of immunity indices comparing to the control, that resulted the improved general state and di­minished incidence of complications.

Thymusamin administration in developing purulent-inflam­matory processes promoted improvement in the disease clinical course and reduction in the wound healing period in 81% of the patients.

The studied drug was applied starting from the 3^th-5^th day after a traumatic impact. The complex treatment with Thymu­samin was accompanied in most cases by significant increase in CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ counts, normalisation of a CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio and decrease in the ConA-induced leukocyte migration inhibi­tion test index.

Thymusamin influence on the cellular and humoral immunity indices in the traumatic patients with postoperative purulent-inflammatory

*P<0.05—significant comparing to the indices before treatment.

The improved general state, alleviated intoxication signs, faster wound cleaning, boosted granulation and epithelisation were clinically registered.

Pronounced changes in clinical and immunity indices were already detected on the 5^th —7^th day from the treatment course onset, and the maximum effect was noted on the 13^th— 16^th day.

The study indicated that in the first inflammation phase on the 6^th day an extensive necrosis in the tissues was observed

surrounded by a narrow rim of granulating tissue with scat­tered young fibroblasts and solitary histiocytes. In the prolifera­tion phase a broad layer of granulating tissue, in which many vessels and lymphoid cells were present, surrounded small-sized necrotic foci. Number of the histiocytes rose, and the macro­phages accumulated in the necrotic zones. The fibroblasts were of extended form with thin nuclei. In the cicatrisation phase the necrotic foci surrounded with the granulating tissue layer with mature fibroblasts were found. An interlayer of collagen fibers was observed amidst the fibroblasts. In interstitial sub­stance close to the necrotic zones precollagen fibers, fibro­blasts, histiocytes concentrated indicating resorbtional process and replacement of necrotised tissue by a young granulating one-Distinguishing attribute of the tissue reaction on Thymu-samin application consisted in the high activity of acid phos­phatase in the histiocytes at the proliferation phase (15^th day). In the inconsiderable leukocytic infiltration foci, as well as in the vascular endothelium, alkaline phosphatase was highly ac­tive. At the cicatrisation phase high content of acid phos­phatase in the histiocytes and alkaline phosphatase in the leu­kocytes and vessels stabilised.

In the patients with purulent-inflammatory post-surgical complications, activation of the tissue enzymes indicating more intensive cellular metabolism in the tissues facilitating faster cleaning of the wound surface from the necrotised structures and epithelisation was objectively demonstrated. Observed sta­bilisation of the immune reactivity and regeneration activation allowed to reduce the terms of infected wound treatment.

The clinical study showed that Thymusamin facilitated res­toration of the cellular immunity, stimulated tissue regenera­tion in case of their suppression and did not cause any side-effects, complications and drug addiction; it can be adminis­tered with therapeutic preventive purposes combined with any other symptomatic or pathogenic agents used for the secon­dary immunodeficiency correction (such as immunomodulators, adaptogenic agents, vitamins, etc.).

Thymusamin influence on the enzyme activity development in wounded tissues of the traumatic patients